Design And Develop Supermarket Sales System Services Computer Science Essay

Plan And Develop Supermarket Sales System Services Computer Science Essay It contains subtleties for the clients, providers and items. This framework contains two kinds of clients, overseer and the end client. The director has the approval to make new clients, alter a current client and erase a client or cripple a client. This framework creates multi reports for costumer, provider, item, and soling. This will chop down the sum you spend away from the essential focal point of your business and overseeing your business. Section ONE Presentation SMSSS is taking care of a difficult that could confront any business. A stock that could vanishes from your stores, drug stores, cafés and clinics, because of burglary, wastage and worker abuse; since representative will realize that stock is by and large deliberately followed. SMSSS can immediately educate you regarding what number of a specific item have sold today, or in any period you need. My Graduation Project is applied on store; this will help on following its outstanding stock, spot deals patterns, utilize verifiable information to more readily conjecture your necessities and point by point deals reports make it a lot simpler for it; to keep the privilege available. SMSSS will incorporate two sorts of clients, managed client and an ordinary client. The primary will have the approval to add clients to check the reports and watching the providers. The ordinary client simply will set up the clients requests and print out the charging. Each SMSSS framework needs a printer to make Mastercard slips for client however the clients will manage this framework without utilizing that printer in this way the paying will be in independent activity with typical printer. Contact screens are more instinctive to use than consoles for some clients, however for this situation there won't be a touch screens, the clients will rely upon the console and a PC as it were. It is a straightforward framework without giving the adaptability to clients. Foundation As it is notice before in the presentation this undertaking will apply on market, which has number of workers who got the clients orders. This general store is new, so it is searching for reasonable way to run on their business. This work is typically need a quicker client who comprehend the clients request in brief timeframe, and set aside the cash by tally the requests cost without botch, particularly when your business is run will and parcel of clients orders you should concentrate on to not affected on your business, that why the SMSSS framework will assists with setting aside cash, give efficiency gains. Objective Our task assists with recording any business, it mechanize generally speaking stock control, assisting with keeping stocks in appropriate equalization rely upon request and different components, so the executives is a lot simpler. Additionally you can follow advancements all the more effectively, regardless of whether through capons and unique rebate. In SMSSS you get numerous instruments in a solitary bundle. SMSSS can utilize your own by little is more angering to an entrepreneur than watching his/her staff impeded. SMSSS decrease administrative work, increment efficiency, diminish time you need to spend doing stock, give progressively exact data on the rate at which every item in your stock moves so you know when and the amount of every thing to arrange, giving you what selling and so forth, which merchant item are productive, and which merchants are getting you the most cash generally speaking. For this situation, your client gets quicker and increasingly precise help. Section TWO (Undertaking Deliverables) Undertaking Deliverables The expectations for this undertaking is comprising into four primary segments: Exploration Examination and Design Execution and Testing Testing and Evaluation Undertaking the board 2.1 Research In this area, it will assemble data about HCI, and comparable programming to the one that will be manufactured and the language that choose to utilize. 2.2 Analysis and Design Examination is the way toward breaking a case or theme into numerous littler parts to expand a superior comprehension of it. Along these lines will assists with finding the usefulness of the product ought to have, and what programming language should used to execute it, and tackle issues discovered during the exploration segment, and talk about what technique will use for both planning and actualizing the framework. Structure strategy comprises of the demonstrating language and the plan procedure. Displaying language is a show enumerating how the plan will be composed on the paper. Brought together Language is a case of a displaying language (UML). It makes subtleties on how the product will be created. 2.3 Implementation and Testing The plan area will contain screen structures just as the center structure of the product and the manner in which it is executed and it will incorporate the testing and assessment. 2.4 Testing and Evaluation Testing is building up a product framework to discover the blunders. Testing a lot of projects against necessities determination communicated in various graph, for example, information stream and element relationship charts. During the time spent programming improvement, testing has truly been left until the code has been composed. [1] Testing code done by various individuals at various occasions. The analyzers are relying upon which testing is being done and the assets dispensed so as to tasting a specific programming item. The analyzers could be: the developers, a group of analyzers, individuals speak to the market for the product, the customer and maintainer [1]. During and after usage the product, code is being tried .Pre-execution testing is finished by a testing group of commentators venture chief or customers or framework designers. After execution or code testing, programming designers like to taste the framework from the base up, so as to check in the event that they dispatch to have coded effectively. The analyzers applying two fundamental testing methods: discovery testing and white box testing. There are a wide range of testing, for example, unit testing, test stages, framework testing, joining testing, relapse testing , acknowledgment testing, discharge testing and beta testing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦..[1] 2.5 Project Management Eatch task can run easily and effectively as per an administrations. This methods of observing the undertaking is significant so as to controlling the expenses and advantages of any task. On the off chance that there are happened reasons that make the work is running late, or make the expenses are starting to heighten, it is fundamental and basic to find this at the earliest opportunity and to have the option to recuperation these bugs . That cause revealed an issue then remedial move can be made to have the potential impacts of the issue diminished. The undertaking director is answerable for arranging, checking and controlling the venture just if the administration side has been isolated from the specialized turn of events. [2] The errand of the venture the board, plan, gauge time and exertion, recognize undertakings for the group, use related knowledge, plan work, use assets, screen and control the advancement of the task, assess what is need , and distinguish rapidly the reasons for issues all these are costly, as far as both time and cash. [2]It is imperative to extend supervisor to have the option to distinguish regions of hazard, for example, absence of information, happened new advancements or issues identifying with prerequisites, and to forestall these all plans ought to be prepared.[2] the vast majority of undertaking chiefs utilize, for example, designs of graphs to planning their work there are a wide range of sorts of roast, they predominantly can be categorized as one of two classifications, bar outline which is frequently alluded to Gantt diagram) and system outline which is regularly alluded to (CPM or PERT or CPA) in this venture well utilize the Gantt Chart so as to compose our planning,. Part Three Examination Comparative Product There are an assortment of programming arrangements accessible for Cashier Assistant (retail location). A few unique methodologies are analyzed here to look at changed highlights and addition a comprehension of the best way to deal with take when structuring a Cashier Assistant (POS) in the accompanying pages, great and awful focuses about studied application will be inspected on what to add or to improve in the product to be. The format of this assessment is follow: The name of the being application A rundown of valid statements about the application A rundown of terrible point about the application 3.1 Harolds Fine Home Lighting is an organization dependent on convention with 17 autonomous workstations. 3.1.1 Good Points Quick Take out the requirement for isolated retail location terminal. Give fast confirmation and handling of Mastercards at the POS. Straightforward bar coding and effective, make a solid method to control stock. 3.1.2 Bad Points Enormous information, there is no naturally back up. Hard to refresh 3.2 Rod Works 5 stores relies upon deal things 3.2.1 Good Points Naturally create buy orders when things fall underneath recorder levels Diminish stock conveying costs by following stock turns and picking up Produce inconsistency reports to determine blunders in physical stock 3.2.2 Bad Point Tremendous information, there is no consequently back up. Hard to refresh Investigation into HCI Human PC cooperation is made by PC programming and equipment. Human PC cooperation makes PC and human interface all the more intriguing and fulfills clients needs. Human PC communication structure techniques depend on User Centered Design. They are center gathering, reasonable investigation, participatory structure, fast prototyping, client situation, esteem delicate plan, and logical structure, and so forth. In Human PC collaboration plan seven standards are thought of, resistance, straightforwardness, Visibility, Affordance, Feedback, Structure, Consistency, and so forth web interface and typical GUI are utilized by the reason. It is utilized for gatherings, space transports, airplanes, etc[3] The human-PC interface is the purpose of correspondence between the client and the PC. There are a few objectives rely upon the end client to pick up his communication

Isoelectronic Definition - Chemistry Glossary

Free Essays on Here I Stand

Martin Luther was destined to Hans and Margaretta Luther in 1483. As indicated by Bainton Martin Luther was â€Å"highly regarded at home. His folks looked to him as a fellow of splendid parts who should turn into a legal scholar, make a prosperous marriage, and bolster them in their old age.† (p.24,25). Which clarifies why Hans Luther was angry with his child for taking the cowl. Bainton clarifies Luther’s purposes behind this. In the primary section of the book, The Vow, as Luther gets struck by helping he shouts out â€Å"St. Anne help me! I will end up being a monk.† Luther was resolved to keep his pledge and he felt this would win his salvation. Bainton clarifies why winning ones salvation was significant in these times†¦ The Church instructed that no reasonable individual would hold up until his deathbed to make a demonstration of remorse and argue for beauty. From the earliest starting point to end the main secure course was to lay hold of each help the congregation brought to the table: holy observances, journeys, guilty pleasures, the intervention of the saints†¦And what better would he be able to (Luther) do than take the cowl?† p. 30-32 This is the piece of Luther I regard the most, his true predicament to salvation. I let it out is by all accounts driven by dread, which was imbedded into him from a youthful age and through school and for a mind-blowing duration, however never the less I discover the drive and inspiration of his predicament entirely honorable. Notwithstanding Luther's profundity of fierce trustworthiness in his own battle to know God a significant number of the individuals in America today would in any case be living in times when what the minister said is the thing that God said. Which I need to concede, I feel numerous individuals are content being coddled. In any case, for those of utilization won't settle for the expression of the minister Luther is a pioneer. Luther ineffectively battled his way toward God through works. His dad drew out into the open that conditions encompassing his promise could be crafted by God, however it could likewise be th... Free Essays on Here I Stand Free Essays on Here I Stand Martin Luther was destined to Hans and Margaretta Luther in 1483. As indicated by Bainton Martin Luther was â€Å"highly regarded at home. His folks looked to him as a chap of splendid parts who should turn into a legal scholar, make a prosperous marriage, and bolster them in their old age.† (p.24,25). Which clarifies why Hans Luther was steamed at his child for taking the cowl. Bainton clarifies Luther’s explanations behind this. In the principal part of the book, The Vow, as Luther gets struck by helping he shouts out â€Å"St. Anne help me! I will end up being a monk.† Luther was resolved to keep his promise and he felt this would procure his salvation. Bainton clarifies why winning ones salvation was significant in these times†¦ The Church instructed that no reasonable individual would hold up until his deathbed to make a demonstration of penitence and argue for beauty. From the earliest starting point to end the main secure course was to lay hold of each help the congregation brought to the table: ceremonies, journeys, extravagances, the intervention of the saints†¦And what better might he be able to (Luther) do than take the cowl?† p. 30-32 This is the piece of Luther I regard the most, his earnest predicament to salvation. I let it be known is by all accounts driven by dread, which was imbedded into him from an exceptionally youthful age and through school and for a mind-blowing duration, yet never the less I discover the drive and inspiration of his predicament entirely honorable. Notwithstanding Luther's profundity of fierce genuineness in his own battle to know God a significant number of the individuals in America today would in any case be living in times when what the minister said is the thing that God said. Which I need to concede, I feel numerous individuals are content being coddled. In any case, for those of utilization won't settle for the expression of the cleric Luther is a pioneer. Luther insufficiently battled his way toward God through works. His dad drew out into the open that conditions encompassing his pledge could be crafted by God, however it could likewise be th...

Appearance vs. Reality, Hamlet free essay sample

In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the fundamental topic of the play is appearance versus reality. The characters inside the play seem, by all accounts, to be true and respectable when as a general rule they are degenerate and unethical. A considerable lot of the characters inside the play outline this idea. When taking a gander at them from behind a veil they give the impression of an individual who is certifiable and genuine, however as a general rule they are tormented with lies and disgusting conduct. Four of the principle characters that endeavor to misdirect Hamlet by holing up behind this veil are Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Polonius, and King Claudius. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are two of Hamlets beloved companions who are not as they show up. They are asked by the King and Gertrude to keep an eye on Hamlet so as to discover the explanation for Gertrude’s â€Å"too much changed son† (II. ii. 36). They give the presence of being Hamlet’s companion, yet actually, the pair just came to Elsinore on the grounds that they were gathered. Astonished by his friends’ unexplained appearance, Hamlet addresses what has brought them there. Rosencrantz lies while reacting â€Å"To visit you my master, no other occasion† (II. I. 266). Hamlet immediately observes through their untruths and demands â€Å"you were sent for, and there/is a sort of admission in your looks†¦I know the great lord and/sovereign have sent for you† (II. ii. 273-276). Realizing that his supposed companions are lying about the reason for their visit, Hamlet unveils nothing to them. Having found no solutions for the King, the two were approached to go to Hamlet again and keep on looking for the genuine purpose behind Hamlet’s conduct. Hamlet has little tolerance since being misled and uncovers to the pair that he knows that they are spies and saying to them: [Y]ou would play upon me, you would appear to know my stops, you would cull out the core of my puzzle, .. Call me what Instrument you will, however you can worry me, you can't play upon me. † (III. iii. 343-350) Although having all the earmarks of being Hamlet’s companions, he rapidly observes that in fact, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are just attempting to pry him for data. The King’s regal partner, Polonius, assumes a significant job in building up the topic. He’s continually keeping up the exterior of a concerned and caring person. Polonius seems, by all accounts, to be a decent dad, and noteworthy man. After discovering that his child is going to France, he offers a few bits of guidance to Laertes, specifically â€Å"This most importantly, to thine own self be true† (II. iii. 78). He offers guidance so as to give off an impression of being a mindful dad, when in truth he talks so as to look great instead of to really be acceptable. Polonius then sends Reynaldo to bring Laertes cash yet educates that â€Å"Before you visit him, to make ask/Of his behaviour† (II. I. 4-5), and afterward encourages him how to be slippery about it. All through the play Polonius schemes with the King on approaches to listen stealthily on Hamlet. At the point when Hamlet will talk with his mom, Polonius recommends â€Å"Behind the arras I’ll pass on myself/To hear the process† (III. iii. 28-29). Polonius goes about as though his activities are for the lord, when in certainty it will profit him incredibly if the explanation for Hamlet’s unusual conduct is a direct result of his adoration for Ophelia. Polonius likewise embarrasses his girl Ophelia by constraining her to peruse love letters from Hamlet so anyone might hear to the King and Gertrude. He discloses to Ophelia that it’s in her own wellbeing not to stay discreet. His words are those of a caring dad, however his activities are very unique. Despite the fact that Polonius professes to be good and a caring guardian, actually he is an underhanded controller. Claudius, the present King of Denmark is the embodiment of debasement and unethical behavior despite the fact that he introduces himself to be the legitimate ruler. Ruler Claudius uncovers his actual perniciousness a few times. Claudius just becomes King of Denmark in the wake of killing his sibling and wedding his sister-in-law Gertrude in a depraved marriage. When talking about his brothers’ passing, he legitimizes the rapid union with Gertrude while seeming to have the kingdom’s wellbeing on the most fundamental level while clarifying â€Å"That we with smartest distress think on him/Together with recognition of ourselves† (I. ii. 6-7). In fact, Claudius carries on of ravenousness to become lord and out of desire for Gertrude. Claudius belittles Hamlet a few times all through the play. While Hamlet is lamenting his father’s demise, the inhumane ruler demands â€Å"We supplicate you toss to earth/This unprevailing woe† (I. ii. 106-107), demonstrating his regrettable conduct by alluding to Hamlet’s pain as futile. Ruler Claudius shows his actual malevolence during his last demonstration of control. The lord bids to Laertes coerce and persuades him to murder Hamlet to retaliate for his father’s demise by â€Å"A blade unbated, and in go of training/Requite him for your father† (IV. vii. 137-138). Lord Claudius’s egotistical and awful conduct prompts the passing of every one of those he had professed to think about at some point: Gertrude, Hamlet, and Laertes. This last demonstration of retaliation achieves the start of the end for the whole regal family. While demonstrating that appearances can be deluding, the characters help to build up the subject of appearance versus reality in the play. While Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Polonius, and King Claudius all have all the earmarks of being idealistic and legitimate individuals, actually they are consistently conspiring and plotting against Hamlet. Despite the fact that having all the earmarks of being good, every one of them is really polluted by fiendishness and debasement. Shockingly, Hamlet discovers the most difficult way possible that every one of them have their own concealed motivation, and defilement spreads like sickness all through the province of Denmark.

Is Financial Compensation Beneficial Or Detrimental In An Empowerment E

Presentation What is an Empowerment ? Fundamentally strengthening implies enabling the worker to accomplish their work, for example through the correct preparing, the correct condition, the correct data, the correct instruments and the power that they need. It is imagined that by giving the representative expanded force and duty that the worker will have expanded inspiration. Associations have built up various new projects in which it is trusted that workers will have strengthening thus expanded inspiration. What is an Empowerment Program ? There are six unique types of strengthening programs. i.     Pay for Performance. This gives representatives prizes according to their presentation at work. ii.     Gain Sharing. Representatives are compensated when execution targets are met. iii.     Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP). Workers are given offers in the organization thus co-own the organization which permit them to partake in the improved benefit execution. iv.     Lump-Sum Bonuses. Prizes are given to workers in a single amount dependent on execution. v.     Pay for Knowledge. At the point when representatives learn new abilities they are remunerated. This leads representatives to learn new aptitudes thus become progressively flexable inside an organization. vi.     Flexible Work Schedules. Laborers can set their own working occasions. Inspiration Inspiration is a power which pushes an individual to go in a specific direction, for example being spurred to go to class, to receive something in return, be it, to learn new things or just to receive a great job in return toward the end which will bring high profit. An essential model of inspiration is demonstrated as follows: NEED                    BEHAVIOR                    REWARD This shows inspiration in real life, from the past model we can show that the need is the craving to learn or to find a decent line of work, the conduct is to head off to college or college and afterward the prize is picking up information or a great job. There are two distinct sorts of remuneration ; inborn prizes and extraneous prizes. Characteristic are rewards picked up in playing out an activity, for example f... ...with his two factors that laborers have a lot of sparks that it is ideal to focus on as this will prompt more occupation fulfillment thus improved inspiration, of these helpers none of these were monetary prizes. Improving money related prizes will prompt less occupation disappointment and not work fulfillment or improved inspiration for the work. Taylor contends that laborers resemble jackasses and that cash is the principle inspiration, this is on the grounds that in the industrialist world today cash makes a great deal of distinction and as in Maslow’s chain of importance of necessities to fulfill the lower levels of the requirements, cash makes the distinction and workers will be impacted by the measure of cash that they can have, it will leave them having a sense of safety. Generally speaking I feel that monetary prizes can be exceptionally valuable in a strengthening system and lead to work fulfillment which will prompt expanded inspiration from laborers. List of sources The executives, Fourth Edition. Richard L. Ridiculous. Business Information Technology, Systems, Theories and Practice. Geoffrey Elliot and Susan Starkings. The Practice of Management. Diminish F. Drucker. Data Systems †A Management Prospective, Second Edition. Stephen Alter.

How to Write Narrative Essay Samples For Grade 5

How to Write Narrative Essay Samples For Grade 5Narrative essays or narratives are used extensively in the curriculum to enhance student achievement and academic excellence. This has been a traditional way of education and has not changed. Students usually write, submit, and discuss their reflections about some current event or on the life of some living person.Theses are called narrative essays or narrative samples for grades 5 and can be written in various formats. The majority of schools require the student to have a first class, fluency in English. There are many formats or styles that the student can use to write his or her essay. It is suggested that the essay sample is read to the student for approval before he or she starts working on it.In this way, the student's understanding of the assignment will be enhanced. All the necessary grammar skills are stressed, spelling is not emphasized and certain other basic rules are also outlined so that the student understands the rules o f grammar. Some writers also suggest that they begin with the simple task of writing, write or translate an English text which has or may have a certain meaning to them.The students are urged to make use of prose examples, which are given in the accompanying essay samples for grade 5. This will assist the student to see a part of the assignment. This exercise helps to show the student how he or she can develop his or her ability to express himself or herself through the use of literary arts and use grammatical structures.There are other forms of using examples, which encourage the student to get a feel of the working style of a writer. It is always good to mention the level of the student's writing ability at the beginning of the assignment. The following are some forms of how to use texts to help the student in composing their own narratives.If a student wants to write a narrative about a sports game, he can start by writing about a specific sporting event, the players, the game, a nd so on. He can take pictures from that event, make comparisons and at times introduce the events of the sporting event using the present day. He may want to share a word of advice that the players should remember or a last thought about the importance of the game.If the student is going to write a piece on some animal, he can take some photographs and make a sketch of the hemlock tree. He may wish to make the animal interesting and make sure that he makes the main ideas clear. He may want to include some quotes from famous animals such as a tiger. He can even write his thesis and deliver it in a more interesting way.A unique form of making his own narratives is by designing and manufacturing posters. He can get some paper, ink, markers, cut-outs and create an interesting ad for the school, college or university. He can sell the posters in the local market or display them in the school.

Themes Of A Good Man is Hard To Find Novel - Free Essay Example

The short story A Good Man is Hard to find has a lot of different themes involved. Since a long time ago there has being a issue of good versus evil, and thatrs one of the themes. It also has other themes like: family, religion, society, and class. Good versus evil is developed because the grandmother has a confrontation with a superficial sense of goodness and a criminal who is evil. Religion is involved because the grandmother think that the Misfit is a good man, by her beliefs. On the other hand, family is included because there we just like a basic family, adults arguing and the two kids in the back. The grandmother in A Good Man is Hard to Find gives great importance to being a lady, and her ideas about what that means reflect an old-fashioned, somewhat upper-crust Southern mindset. In A Good Man is Hard to Find, Flannery OConnor shows the dfferent types of themes that are in the story, these themes are: good vs evil, family, religion, society, and class. A Good Man is Hard to Find is confrontation of between a grandmother with a rather superficial sense of goodness, and a criminal who embodies real evil. The grandmother seems to treat goodness mostly as a function of being decent, having good manners, and coming from a family of the right people. The grandmother describes her family as the right people because they supposedly raised her the right way. The Misfit is the criminal who embodies real evil, the grandmother and the Misfit met in Florida. The Misfit who seems straightforwardly evil, with little to no sense of guilt, and a genuine, desires to do cruel or destructive things for their own sake. Understanding the motivations of The Misfit, and what goodness means by contrast, is one of the central puzzles of the story. The grandmother and The Misfit had a another conformation between each other in that revolves around Jesus and religion. The grandmother brings up praying to Jesus in the hope that she can induce The Misfit to spare her life by appealing to his religious sense. It turns out, however, that The Misfit has probably thought about Jesus more seriously than she has. The Misfit know about Jesus, but he doubts him. The Misfit thinks that there is no real right or wrong, and no ultimate point to life. At the storys climax, the grandmother appears to receive a moment of divine grace, which might transform her and The Misfit. How this ending is understood is the major question of the story. A Good Man is Hard to Find contains some funny comedy about a family, and the ways they get on each others nerves. They were the kind of family that could be in a movie. Theres the two troublesome and annoying kids, the hot-headed dad who tries to maintain control of a situation and fails, the wife busy attending to the baby, and the grandmother, whos a case all to herself. This story is like a comedy, there are a couple of movies or tv shows that are similar to this. Even though it starts as a comedy, it takes a serious turn when the family encounters a criminal, who kills them one by one. The grandmother in A Good Man is Hard to Find gives great importance to being a lady, and her ideas about what that means reflect an old-fashioned, and a Southern mindset. She uses the n-word and longs for the good old days when kids were polite, people were trustworthy, and there were pretty plantations to visit. All of this leads her to associate being good with coming from a respectable family and behaving like a member of her social class. Her sensibilities are in for quite a shock when she meets The Misfit. In conclusion, a story can have several different themes in it. Even though the story started about a normal family, they all ended up dying. It is ironic to see the Misfit on the newspaper, and then find in in person. The main characters were the Misfit and the grandmother. The two main characters were involved in most of the themes. In A Good Man is Hard to Find, Flannery OConnor clearly shows the different types of themes that are in the story, these themes are: good vs evil, family, religion, society, and class. Works Cited Shmoop Editorial Team. A Good Man Is Hard to Find Themes. Shmoop, Shmoop University, 11 Nov. 2008, www.shmoop.com/good-man-hard-to-find/themes.html. 09 November 2018 A Good Man Is Hard to Find. Pullman Strikes Out Introduction, xroads.virginia.edu/~drbr/goodman.html. 09 November 2018

Wal-Mart’s Response to Hurricane Katrina - 1800 Words

Wal-Mart’s Response to Hurricane Katrina So far in the American history, hurricane Katrina remains to be one of the most devastating hurricanes to have ever been witnessed. Though preparation were already in place to counter its effects, the storm’s impact turned out to be one of the most unprecedented ever seen. This is even notable from the way government agencies reacted to this disaster. It brought out the inefficiencies and inadequacies of the emergency units both at the federal and state level. This is because these governments’ response standards to this disaster were far much below the threshold expected. Government efforts could not match, and hence counter, the impacts of hurricane Katrina. This led to loss of massive property†¦show more content†¦This is possible because Wal-Mart is expansive and has a global influence. This helps it to have lots of information concerning anything of importance to them and their clients. Therefore using its emergency department, Wal-Mart was able to monitor the storm as it approached the shores of the Gulf coast using their highly computerized meteorological equipment. In addition to the storm monitoring capabilities, this department is well equipped with emergency response facilities for normal disasters. Wal-Mart began response to this hurricane when the meteorological equipment indicated that the initial signs of a storm were building up to a hurricane. This was when top level management began having special interest on the findings of the emergency operations centre whereby the then company’s business continuity director shifted his operations to the centre. This was a clear sign of how well Wal-Mart chain stores were getting prepared for this hurricane. Wal-Mart CEO, H. Lee Scott, Jr., was in the forefront into getting ready to counter the impact of Katrina. This is proven by the aspect of him giving direct authority to junior managers to make sound decisions on the way forward into dealing with the hurricane. This simplified decision making chain process and thus it saw the response become much quicker. Apart from giving deciding powers to his juniors, the CEO guided the response process on a daily basis plan. This accentuated the seriousness on preparation andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Hurricane Katrina2603 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction The initial response or lack thereof, to the widespread disaster in the Gulf Coast, caused by Hurricane Katrina, demonstrated high levels of incompetence and disorganization by government officials. Images of desperate individuals awaiting rescue on their rooftops, and masses of people packed together in deplorable conditions in the Super Dome, circulated the globe. 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Before that, Levi’s had never sold one pair of jeans at a price lower than twenty dollars, but in order to compete with Wal-mart’s own brand, Faded Glory, and to keep up with the sale, Levi’s had to start a new assembly line to produce jeans with simpler designs for them to be easier to manufacture. (Fishman, 102) Some might argue that Walmart is pushing other business likeRead MoreCrisis Management- a Strategic Leadership Approach3992 Words   |  16 Pagesscrambled to tackle the potential technological disruption of the Y2K bug which was one of the utmost crises. Then in 2001 the US was thrown off balance by the terrorist attack on September 11, which led to a world wide upshot. A few years later the Hurricane Katrina disaster that hit the gulf coast region which led to an ineradicable images of a community and the government struggling to respond and also the Tsunami in 2004. The close of the decade was through the collapse of financial markets 2008 and theRead MoreEssay about The Walmart Case Study2799 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿ Wal-Mart Case Study 1 What threats and challenges is Wal-Mart currently facing Wal-Mart Wal-Mart, is an American retail corporation that runs chains of large discount department stores. The company is the worlds second largest public corporation, according to the Fortune Global 500 list in 2013, the biggest private employer in the world with over two million employees, and the largest retailer in the world. The company was founded by Sam WaltonRead MoreWalmart Information Systems Essay2066 Words   |  9 Pages1962 by Sam Walton, Walmart has grown to be the largest retailer on the globe. Driven by Mr. Walton’s 10 rules to build a business, Walmart promises to â€Å"save people money so they can live better (Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 2014)†. One of those rules is to â€Å"control your expenses better than your competition (Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 2014)†. Walmart is recognized as leader in incorporating cutting edge information systems and processes that drive out costs and provide advantage over their competitors. Read MoreWal Mart Case Study The Challenge of Managing Relationships with Stakeholders17330 Words   |  70 Pagesof Contents Introduction Wal-Mart’s Ranking Response to Various Stakeholders Wal-Mart’s Recent Number of Ethical Issues in the News Improved Ethical Culture Positive Response to Stakeholders What are the relevant Facts? What are the Ethical Issues? a) Female Employees b) Disabled Employees c) Illegal Immigrants d) Low Benefits e) Working Conditions f) Ethical Leadership Issues g) Environmental Stakeholders What are the Primary Stakeholders 1) The Stockholders 2) The Wal-Mart Executives 3) The EmployeesRead MoreEssay on Walmart16417 Words   |  66 PagesWalmart From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (NYSE: WMT (http://www.nyse.com/about/listed/lcddata.html?ticker=wmt) ), branded as Walmart, is an American multinational retail corporation that runs chains of large discount department stores and warehouse stores. The company is the worlds third largest public corporation, according to the Fortune Global 500 list in 2012, the biggest private employer in the world with over two million employees, and is the largest retailerRead MoreWalmart Case Analysis11203 Words   |  45 PagesWal-Mart, 2007 Case Analysis International Business Executive Summary 4 Challenges 5 Re-Aligning the Marketing Strategy for Greater Relevancy 5 Figure 1: Wal-Mart Segmentation Strategy 8 Figure 2: Customer Segment Loyalty Analysis 10 Human Resources Lack Compliance and Governance 11 Figure 3: Wal-Mart’s Chain of Command 14 Ethnocentrism Rampant In Global Growth Strategies 15 Competitive Strategies must get Beyond Price Wars 18 Wal-Mart’s Competitors 19 Figure

Essay about Anti-bribery laws in the U.S Ethics and...

International business is risky especially when companies involved play by a different set of rules. Knowing the differences in culture, politics and the primary legal environments of a host country, allows the companies to conduct business and make quality decisions based on the business climate, creating a marketing mix specific to each country and region (CSU, module 3, 2014). Detailed research helps companies create a solid marketing mix, but does not guarantee that the obstacles of payoff’s and bribery won’t hinder the outcome. Below the surface level of many sales negotiations, like those seen in our case study of Boeing and Airbus, are driven not on their marketing mix, quality, reputation or reach, but rather on power, bribery,†¦show more content†¦What is legal in one country might not be in another. Greasing the wheels in Latin American countries is common practice to move government paperwork through faster or gifting officials helps expedite a b usiness through red tape (Cateora, Gilly Graham, 2013). Gifting or bribery is never legal in the United States and this puts the U.S. at a disadvantage against our competitors who’s illegal behavior in the U.S. is legal elsewhere. Airbus develops sales tactics to coheres buyers or political figures with large cash bribes, offering buyers business opportunities that are more appealing than Boeing’s. Multi-million dollar payoffs or bribes can change the course of a buyer’s original business intentions which could lead to the loss of sales and profit for companies like Boeing who follow the legal rules. Accounting for country rules, politics and customs that allow corrupt business practices, the U.S. finds itself at a disadvantage competing for the same business with companies like Airbus who can adapt, navigate and develop sales tactics which involve personal payoffs. Airbus Response Over the years, Airbus’ unethical business tactics have come to light. As a result, many people questionShow MoreRelatedThe Walt Disney Company and Disney Management25371 Words   |  102 PagesO UTL I N E O F CASES 2-1 The Not-So-Wonderful World of EuroDisney— Things Are Better Now at Disneyland Resort Paris 2-2 Cultural Norms, Fair Lovely, and Advertising 2-3 Starnes-Brenner Machine Tool Company: To Bribe or Not to Bribe? 2-4 Ethics and Airbus 2-5 Coping with Corruption in Trading with China 2-6 When International Buyers and Sellers Disagree 2-7 McDonald’s and Obesity 2-8 Ultrasound Machines, India, China, and a Skewed Sex Ratio CASE 2ïš º1 The Not-So-Wonderful World of BONJOUR,Read MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagescountries saw their economies stagnate or decline. The global political environment remains volatile and uncertain, with ongoing conflicts in the Middle East and Africa and continuing tensions in Iran, North Korea, Iraq, and Afghanistan, especially as the U.S. role in these latter two countries evolves. On the economic front, failure to conclude important trade agreements, including the so-called â€Å"Development† Round of multilateral trade negotiations under the World Trade Organization, and the lagging supportRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesto adopt the new mass-production techniques. The next change in management thinking about car assembly occurred in Japan when Ohno Taiichi, a Toyota production engineer, pioneered the development of lean manufacturing in the 1960s after touring the U.S. plants of the Big Three car companies. The management phi losophy behind lean manufacturing is to continuously ï ¬ nd methods to improve the efï ¬ ciency of the production process in order to reduce costs, increase quality, and reduce car assembly time. LeanRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesethnic composition of the population Ageing of the population Ageing of the baby boomer generation Interest rates Inï ¬â€šation rates Savings rates Trade deï ¬ cits Budget deï ¬ cits Exchange rates Antitrust enforcement Tax policy changes Environmental protection laws Extent of regulation/deregulation Developing countries privatising state monopolies State-owned industries Increasing proportion of women in the workforce Awareness of health and ï ¬ tness issues Concern for the environment Concern for customers CurrencyRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesNew Musical Express, commented in early 2004: The dance culture as a whole got lazy. It came to be perceived as one thing: this cheesy, superclub, larging-it lifestyle. . . . Dance music came from an underground culture and was about being edgy and anti-establishment. At the height of superclub-dom, a club would be  £25 to get in and be full of slightly-older people, glammed up and wearing crap labels. If you are young and want to be cool, you are not going to buy into that.5 For many aï ¬ cionados

Managing Personal Work Priorities And Professional...

BSBWOR501B Manage personal work priorities and professional development Assessment task 1 S70617 Rahim Ghulamani Review your job description and your organization’s business plans, business goals, policies and procedures. Organization Name RG AGED CARE FACILITIES For the last 3 decade, we have rendered the best services for Victoria’s aged care nation. Our aim is that all to ensure a secure and positive environment where all the members live a prosperous life along with maintaining their dignity in the society as well as in their family. Our aged care homes are located in the peaceful areas of Brunswick, Gladstone Park and Sunshine West to provide the residents with a positive environment. We ensure every other measure to provide our residents with highly trained nursing care staff. To overcome barriers of communication, we have staff able to communicate in multiple languages. Other activities are also offered to the residents every now and then in order to refresh their mind and positively impact their health. Procedure Mission Our aged care Mission to enhance, wellbeing, prosperity of people, Looking after for the families and groups †¢ Connect with individuals in need. †¢ Stand up for their decency and equality. †¢ Care with empathy, advancement and insight. Values We believe in equalities and the work we do is to spread the message of God. †¢ Giving respect to the individual person love and life. †¢ Motivate people to cope up with their daily life issues. ïÆ'ËœShow MoreRelatedManaging Personal Work And Priorities And Professional Development1523 Words   |  7 PagesManage personal work and priorities and professional development Name: Fahad Mustafa ID: s68472 diploma of accounting term 2 introduction In this project I would like to discuss Fahad Pizza Shop. This business has been established back in 2000 and has gained the positive business popularity of its authentic gourmet tasting and pizza making styles. The business is located in 68 James Road Malvern. Job description: Pizza delivery: Make sure you check the vehicle condition before delivering anyRead MoreManage Personal Work Priorities and Professional Development1500 Words   |  6 PagesManager of Gloria Jeans Coffees, responsible for planning, implementing and monitoring marketing activates within the business. In this report I will first explain how I would establish personal work goals, set and meet my own work priorities and develop and maintain professional competence. 1. Establish Personal Work Goals List Responsibilities of position: * Produce annual planning for the marketing and public relations activities of Gloria Jeans showing initiative in developing new marketsRead MoreAssessment Manage Personal Work Priorities And Professional Development BSBWOR501B3406 Words   |  14 PagesCode 03208D Level 4, 56-58 York Street, Sydney NSW 2000 Australia Tel: +61 2 92794949 Email: info@georgebrown.nsw.edu.au Web: www.georgebrown.nsw.edu.au Assessment Manage Personal Work Priorities and Professional Development BSBWOR501B Student Name Student ID Term Year Class Trainer Name Result NYC C I declare that all work completed in this assessment is my own. Student Signature Date Contents Assessment guidelines .......................................................................Read MoreTechnical And Design Package For Navy Technical Bureau ( Ntb ) As An Engineering Officer792 Words   |  4 PagesAchieve Results: Achieving results was a huge priority during my period with Navy technical Bureau (NTB) as an Engineering officer. My key achievements were effective use of organisational resources, organisation improvement activities, managing changes and deliver intended results. My personal role was to provide support in maintaining the technical integrity of the MWV by reviewing the technical and design packages (certification basis and certification plan). Deficiencies were identifiedRead MoreManaging Up : Managing Your Boss, Know Yourself, And Develop A Plan Of Action1600 Words   |  7 Pagesconcept of managing up, even in its most basic form, can be a complex task especially when many supervisors may be younger than those they manage. Managing up is making a conscious effort to work with your supervisor to obtain the best possible outcome for you, your supervisor, and the organization. The process of managing up includes three steps: know your boss, know yourself, and develop a plan of action. (Herman, 2008) J.J. Gabarro and John P. Kotter (1993) claim that the key to managing up isRead MoreEssay about What ´s Personal Responsibility1038 Words   |  5 Pages 　　Personal responsibility to me means taking accountability for your own actions, Making a commitment and sticking to it. In order to be a success in college, you have to apply your life learned lessons to the equation, to balance both school and out of school priorities. Because You are responsible for the choices you make, you are ultimately responsible for your success. Becoming a master organizer and learning how to manage your time efficiently, will help you achieve your goals. Taking responsibilityRead MoreThe Effect of Work Environment in Balancing the Roles of Life1739 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Contents Introduction 2 Effect of Work Environment in Balancing the Roles of Life 2 State of Stress 3 Time and Experience: The Two Major Aspects 3 Social Control Methods 3 Social Economic Benefits 5 Results 6 Implementation 7 Recommendations 8 References 9 Affecting Work Environment: Balancing Family and Work Life   Introduction A good professional person is one who is able to maintain the gap between his/her personal and professional life. S/he does face problems in bothRead MoreTime Management1058 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement techniques typically involve setting goals, establishing priorities, budgeting the amount of time allotted to a given activity, and planning and scheduling the steps needed to achieve goals. Generally, time management refers to the development of processes and tools that increase efficiency and productivity. When we think of time management, we tend to think of personal time management, loosely defined as managing our time to waste less time on doing the things we have to do so weRead MoreThe Development Of A Pdp917 Words   |  4 PagesA PDP is a tool that clearly indicates identified challenges (learning or development needs) in order of priority. Each competency in the PDP assessment informs specific outcomes with the help of this tool (Francis et al., 2014). I can easily monitor my progress towards my progress towards my set goals using the high competencies of my personal and professional skills to improve my areas of opportunities. My PDP shown in table 1, highlights my competencies that needs to be achieved by July 2016.Read MoreMarketing Analysis : C Network1737 Words   |  7 Pagesstylists, hair stylists and make-up artists who work with professional models, and have their own website. As usual with anything in life, word of mouth will naturally happen. I believe that sticking those marketing strategy techniques mentioned, is the best way to stay focused on reaching my target market, and anyone willing to look into booking them as well. g. Organizational Development MANAGEMENT: Sr. Agent Duties: They are responsible for managing the talent management team and being sure that

Qantas Airlines Position Regards Delivery †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Qantas Airlines Position Regards Delivery? Answer: Introducation During the negotiation of a contract, there are representations with regards to the products from the seller directed at the buyer. However, all these representations do not form part of the contract. The ones which are considered important by either of the parties is drafted into the contract and hence called the contractual terms. It is imperative that there must not be violation of the terms of the contract by either of the parties (Carter, 2012). The result of the violation of the term would be dependent on the fact whether the given term is a condition or a warranty. The conditions are typically those clauses which are so essential for the contract that in the absence of these, one of the parties would not enter the contract only. As a result, violation of any condition provides the right to the innocent party to declare the contract as void and also claim damages. This has been highlighted in the verdict of the Poussard v Spiers (1876) 1 QBD 410 case (Gibson Fraser, 2014). However, if the term breached represents a warranty, then the innocent party cannot declare the contract as void and instead can only claim damages to the extent of the losses suffered due to the breach of warranty. This is in line with the verdict of the Bettini v Gye (1876) 1 QBD 183 case (Harvey, 2009). One of the ways to minimize the liability of a contractual party is through the insertion of an exclusion clause. This tends to either waive the complete liability or limit the same (Carter, 2012). In order for this clause to be applicable, the following conditions would need to be fulfilled. Communication of the clause before contract enactment The exclusion clause would be valid only when the clause has been brought to notice or communicated to the other party. In this regards, the party inserting the clause is expected to take reasonable efforts to put across the same to the other party irrespective of the fact whether the other party takes notice of the same despite sincere efforts (Lindgren, 2011). The exclusion clause which are inserted after the enactment of contract are not considered as enforceable which has been made apparent in the decision given by the honorable court in Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking [1971] 1 All ER 686 and Olley v Marlborough Court [1949] 1KB 532 case (Paterson, Robertson and Duke, 2015). Legality of the underlying clause It is pivotal that the concerned exclusion clause must not be used as a defense against any misleading and deceptive conduct which is required so as to safeguard the interest of the consumer (Davenport Parker, 2014). Exclusion clause related to negligence In relation to potential negligent conduct it is necessary, that the party which inserts the exclusion clause regarding liability limitation or waiver in case of negligence must take reasonable measures to communicate to the other party that the clause has been inserted only with the intent of escaping or minimizing liability in case of negligence being exhibited (Gibson and Fraser, 2014). Application Based on the given facts, it is apparent that there has been a contract between Airbus and Qantas with regards to supply of the airplane which would lead to daily savings to the extent of $800,000. There were a number of terms included in the contract with one being that the in-flight video system would have 36 channels for the entertainment of the passengers. There were other terms related to the engine and the distance that could be covered in a single flight. The plane that Airbus provided to Qantas had only 34 channels in the inflight video on account of software error on account of confusion. Clearly, the number of in-flight video channels would be termed as a warranty as it is not so essential to the contract. As a result, Qantas can only claim damages from Airbus since it is at fault for complying with the contractual term but cannot cancel the contract. With regards to the quantum of liability, the exclusion clause which limits the liability of Airbus to $ 300,000 would not be applicable as during the contract negotiation or in the contract, there has been no mention of this exclusion clause and hence in line with the verdict prescribed in Olley v Marlborough Court [1949] 1KB 532, the exclusion clause would not apply and hence Qantas can claim all the financial damage which would be caused on account of the time delay and loss of savings.Agency law would come into existence when principal has appointed a person (agent) to execute contracts with the third party. As per this law, it is the main responsibility of the agent to follow the instruction of the principal and work accordingly. This is because the third party would enter into legal relationship with the agent by considering the fact the agent has sufficient authorization. Further, these agreements would be enforceable on the principal and the third party has the legal position to claim for damages or sue the principal for not satisfying the contractual obligations (Gibson Fraser, 2014). The enacted contract would be enforceable on principal only when any of the following authority is possessed by the agent and the agent acts within the scope of the same (Harvey, 2009). In this authorization, the principal would provide the authority either orally or through written mode. This is the case of express actual authority. While, the principal does not express the authority directly but has entitled the agent with respective profile/position to conduct the act, then this is termed as implied actual authority. The Watteau v Fenwick[1893] 1 QB 346 case is the evident of actual authority. The requisite aspect is that the principal must notify the agents authorization to the third party (Paterson, Robertson and Duke, 2015). When the agent has enacted contract with third party in order to safeguard the interest of the principal irrespective of the requisite authority, then this is called authority of necessity. The Northern Railway Co. vSwaffield(1874)LR 9 Ex 132 case provides evidence in this regard (Davenport Parker, 2014). In this case, the principals objective is not to extend any authority to agent, but because to the agents existing authority and related work, the third party presumes that the agent has sufficient authorization. In this case also, the enacted contract by the agent would be enforceable on the principal. The judgment given in Freeman Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties[1964] 1 All ER 630 case provides evidence in this regard (Carter, 2012). Absence of any of the above authority would not lead to the enforceability of the contract on the principal. Therefore, in this scenario, the principal is not liable to fulfill the obligations of the contract enacted by the agent with the third party. The verdict of Yonge v Toynbee[1910] 1 KB 215 case is the witness of this aspect (Lindgren, 2011). There are set of responsibilities/duties that must be adhered to by the agent in regards to the conduct towards the principal. It is the responsibility of the agent to act in good faith and safeguard the interest of the principal (Gibson Fraser, 2014). Agent must not conduct a work on the name of principal for his own personal interest as per the decision of Christie v Harcourt[1973] 2 NZLR 139 case. Agent must not make any secret money from principal as highlighted in Bentley v Craven(1853) 52 ER 29 case. Agent must not use the confidential information of principal for his own work as per Robb v Green[1895] 2 QB 315 case. Work as per the authority provided by the principal Agent must be conduct the work based on the instruction offered by the principal. Therefore, it is essential that agent must work as per the above highlighted facts or else the principal can sue agent and recover the damages. It is imperative to note that if the third party has enacted a contract with agent in good faith and the agent does not have necessary authority, then also the contract is binding on the principal. However, it is vital that the principal has not informed the third party regarding the level of authority or withdrawal of authority of agent. If principal denies, then the third party can sue the principal (Harvey, 2009). Frank is a sole trader who runs a shop which sells appliances. Gemma is working as a sales person for Frank. There is an old dishwasher in the shop with a cost of $350. Tom a customer wants to purchase this for $ 350 and he goes home to find the suitable space for dishwasher. At that moment only, Gemma called her niece and sold the dishwasher for the price $300 by misleading Frank that the true value is $ 300 and not higher. It is apparent that she has performed the work of her own interest because Tom is ready to pay $350 for the dishwasher. Therefore, the breach of fiduciary duty would extend the right to Frank that he can recover the damage of worth $50 from Gemma. Frank has employed Bob in his shop as a salesperson. Bobs duty is to sell large quantities of washing machines to laundries. Also, he has negotiated with Angela many times. Further, due to the bad habits or Bob (late coming to work and drinking), Frank has withdrawn all the authority from Bob and fired him. However, he does not notify this to Angela and later on, Bob sent an e- mail to Angela and offer 10 washing machines for $10,000. Angela accepted the offer and entered into contract with Bob and also made the contractual payment of $10,000. It is apparent that Bob has performed the act after the revocation of the authority and therefore, Frank can sue Bob for behaving fraudulently and can recover the damages. Also, Angela does not know that he has fired Bob and hence, enacted the contract in good faith. Therefore, the contractual liability would be enforceable on Frank and he has to deliver the ten washing machines to Angela at $ 10,000. If Frank refuses to deliver the order, then Angela can sue Frank and claim damages. Bo has enacted the contract irrespective of authority and hence, Frank can sue Bob and recover the amount of $10,000. Further, Frank has not notified Angela about the revocation of the authority from Bob and hence, Frank is accountable to complete the contractual liability. References Carter, J. (2012) Contract Act in Australia. (3rd ed.) Sydney: LexisNexis Publications. Davenport, S. Parker, D. (2014) Business and Law in Australia (2nd ed.). Sydney: LexisNexis Publications. Gibson, A. and Fraser, D. (2014) Business Law (8th ed.) Sydney: Pearson Publications. Harvey, C. (2009) Foundations of Australian law (3rd ed.) London: Tilde University Press. Latimer, P. (2005) Australian business law (24th ed) Sydney: CCH Australia Ltd. Lindgren, K.E. (2011) Vermeesch and Lindgren's Business Law of Australia (12th ed.) Sydney: LexisNexis Publications. Paterson, J. Robertson, A. Duke, A. (2015) Principles of Contract Law (5th ed.) Sydney: Thomson Reuters

Business Law Corporation Law 2001

Question: Describe about the Business Law for Corporation Law 2001. Answer: Solution 1 Required What is the liability of David if Daves Boating Pty Ltd (Company) could not fulfill the order to Perth Sea Rescue? Area of Law The area of law involved in this question is the formalities of a Corporation law 2001, in particular the relevant topic is in respect to section 131 of the Act. Relevant Legal Principles As per the facts, David is the person who initiated the formation of company and took actions on its behalf prior its registration, thus, David is the promoter of the company. Role of Promoter In law, a promoter is the person who forms a company and takes necessary steps for its establishment.[1] Normally, a company cannot make contracts before registration as it does not have a separate legal personality to make contracts on its own behalf.[2] In common, a pre-registration counteract has no value and are void[3] and the promoter can be held personally liable for the same. But, this common law principle has been abolished under the Corporation Act 2001 by the enactment of section 131.[4] Liability of a promoter - Section 131 of the Act As per section 131 (1) of the Corporation Act 2001, if any person makes a contract on behalf/benefit of an unregistered company then such contracts are enforceable provided the contract is ratified upon companies registration.[5] However, as per sub section 2, if the company does not ratifies the contract, then, the person who as established the contract on companys behalf is liable to pay damages which the company would have been paid if the contract would have been ratified[6]. Further, as per section 131 (4), if the company ratifies the contract that was made before registration but the company is not able to perform its obligations in the contract, then, the court if may deem think fit, may order the person who has made the contract to pay all or some part of the damages which the company is ordered to pay.[7] Application of Law It is submitted that the contract was entered into in January 2016 and the company was registered in July 2016. Thus, the contract was made when the company was not registered. So, as per common law, there is no value of any pre registration contract and David must be held liable for all the damages.[8] But, the common law approach is nullified by Section 131 of the Act. As per section 131 (1), the contract is only enforceable provided the same is ratified after the registration. It is assumed that the contract was ratified. Now, as per section 131 (4), since the contract by David with Perth is ratified but is not performed, thus, the court may impose liability both on David and the company. But, the liability of David may vary depending upon the intent of the court. David can be held liable for all the damages or damages can be imposed upon both the company and David. Conclusion Since David is the promoter of the company thus, David can be held liable for $100,000 totally or can share his liability with the company jointly. Solution 4 Required Whether the contract with Bioplastic Ltd will be enforceable? Area of law The area of law involved in this question is the formalities of a Corporation law 2001, in particular the relevant topic is in respect to section 124-126 and section 128-129 of the Act. Relevant Legal principle The contract with Bioplastic Ltd was considered not enforceable by Daves Boating Pty Ltd on two grounds, that is, The constitution of the company does not permit to engage in any activities other than manufacturing fibreglass boats. Angela does not have the authority to purchase a $40,000 machine. The law that guides both the grounds is discussed herein under. As per section 124 of the Corporation Act 2001, once a company is registered then it has a separate legal existence in the eyes of law and has legal capacity to cat on its own behalf.[9] Section 125 of the Corporation Act 2001, further submitted that if a company has its own constitution then the powers of the company can be expressed in the constitution specifying the prohibitions and restriction on the company powers. However, section 125 (2) of the Corporation Act further submits that if any act is undertaken by the company which is outside the scope of its object clause then such acts are not invalid mere rely on the ground that it is against the express prohibition or restriction which is made part of the object clause. Thus, the acts which are ultra virus to the object clause of the company should still make the company bound and is enforceable upon the company.[10] Further, As per section 126 of the Act, if any express/implied authority is granted to any person then such person has power to make/vary/ratify/discharged the contract on behalf of the company. However, if any act is undertaken by any person without any express/implied authority then such contracts are not enforceable upon the company by virtue of section 126 of the Act.[11] Authority is the power which is granted to a person (agent) under which an agent can act on behalf of the principal and the principal is liable for the entire acts that are undertaken by an agent within the scope of the authority. Authority can be express or implied or ostensible. An express authority is one wherein the authority is granted to an agent expressly by the principal. An implied authority is provided through implications by the principal. And an ostensible authority is something wherein the agent posses authority because he was presented in front of a third party as a person who has the requite authority to bind the principal. However, when an outsider is dealing with a company then as per section 128 an outsider is empowered to make few assumptions mentioned under section 129 of the Act. As per sub section 3, the assumptions under section 129 can be made even when the person with whom he is dealing is acting fraudulently[12]. But, no assumptions can be made if the outsider is aware that the person with whom he is dealing does not have any authority to bind the company and is held in section 128 (4) of the Act.[13] As per section 129 of the Act, an outsider can assume that all the provisions of the Act, replaceable rules are comply with. As per section 129 (3), an outsider can assume that all the officers and agents of the company are duly appointed and has authority to bind the company. In Crabtree-Vickers Pty Ltd v Australian Direct Mail Advertising Addressing Co Pty Ltd[14] it was held that an authority to any person can be assumed by an outsider if the situation exists so. [15] Application The managing Director of the company was David and Angela was the Sales manager of the company. There are two grounds upon which the contract was denied by Daves Boating Pty Ltds. Ground 1 It was argued by Daves Boating Pty Ltds that the contract with Bioplastic Ltd is not enforceable as it is outside the object clause of the constitution of the company. It is submitted that though the main object of the company was to manufacture fiberglass boats but the contract by Angela was to manufactures boats from a high tensile plastic, thus, the object clause was violated. But, by applying section 125 of the Act, it is submitted that even when the object clause is violated still a contract made by the company is still enforceable and is binding upon the company. Thus, Daves Boating Pty Ltds cannot deny the enforceability of the contract on the ground that the same is violating the object clause as is valid under section 125 (2) of the Act. Ground 2 Now, Angela has a spending limit of $25,000 without the approval of the managing director but she spent $40,000. Thus, she has no authority to bind the company. But, Bioplastic Ltd can take the shield of section 128 and section 129 and submit that when she telephone David to enquire about Angelas authority, the same was received by a clerk. So Bioplastic Ltd has assumed that it was David who has approved the actions of Angela and Bioplastic Ltd is assuming that all internal management rules are comply with. Conclusion Thus, Daves Boating Pty Ltds cannot refuse the contract with Bioplastic Ltd can as the actions is though beyond object clause but is protecting under section 125. Further, the assumptions under section 128 and section 12 prevails and thus, Bioplastic Ltd can sue Daves Boating Pty Ltds Reference list Books/Articles/journals Julian Bailey, Construction law (2014) CRC Press,04-Apr-2014. p 78. Krawitz A, Protecting Outsiders to Corporate Contracts in Australia (2009) Volume 9, Number 3 (September 2002). Latimer P, Australian Business Law (2012) CCH Australia Limited,Business Economics. Seddon N, Government Contracts: Federal, State and Local (2009) Federation Press. Legislation Corporation Act 2001 Case laws Aztech Science Pty Ltd v Atlanta Aerospace (Woy Woy) Pty Ltd [2004] NSWSC 967. Bay v Illawarra Stationery Supplies Pty Ltd (1986) ACLR 429 Black v Smallwood (1966) 117 CLR 52. Crabtree-Vickers Pty Ltd v Australian Direct Mail Advertising Addressing Co Pty Ltd (1975) 133 CLR 72 Commonwealth Bank v Australia Solar Information Pty Ltd (1987) 5 ACLC 124. Kelner v Baxter (1866) LR 2 CP 174. Lyford v Media Portfolio Ltd (1989) 7 ACLC 271. Salomon v Salomon Co Ltd [1896] UKHL 1. South London Greyhound Racecourses Ltd v Wake [1931] 1 Ch 496 Twycross v Grant (1877) 2 CPD 469.

What Have I Seen free essay sample

Booming laughter echoed in my ears. I peered over the frail shoulder of the young boy, my ten-year old cousin, to see as to what his eyes were glued to. On his laptop screen displayed a video of some teenagers running around slapping each other with shaving cream. â€Å"Smack cam† they dubbed it and their view count was climbing exponentially. Confusion and curiosity crept into my mind as creases formed on my forehead. How was this activity popular? People actually find enjoyment in abusing their so-called friends and recording it for the world to join in on the fun? How did my young cousin even get his paws on such a horrendous video? Seriously, what is wrong with our generation? I find myself asking these questions every time I hear about another viral trend like â€Å"twerking† (a dance involving shaking the hips while doing a handstand) or â€Å"smack camming†. This may be entertaining to watch, but we need to keep in mind the age of the audience viewing thes e videos. We will write a custom essay sample on What Have I Seen? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nowadays, with easy access to the Internet and television younger children can view these videos and find them socially appropriate. More restrictions should be placed on public broadcasting, as certain material needs to be censored from adolescents. It seems every time I log onto one of my social media accounts there is always a post of some scantily clad girl dancing or a song slewed full of curse words. Just the other day multiple posts of Miley Cyrus swinging naked on a wrecking ball, while licking a hammer, flooded my newsfeed. My nose crinkled with disgust as the edges of my mouth curved down into a frown. This was considered art? I had to know more details about this strange video to quench my curiosity. Pulling up YouTube, I managed to find the music video without any trouble seeing as it was openly displayed on the homepage for anyone to view. I, for one, sure felt like a tetanus shot was called for after watching the video of the former innocent Disney star grinding in a demolition site. Now I clearly knew everything I watched are considered abnormal, but children may not see it that way. They still possess the â€Å"if everyone else is doing it, I should too† mentality. Once we introduce such videos to adolesce nts, they will be acclimated to the weird and somewhat grotesque behavior. Like the first snowfall of the season, children’s minds are unmarred by any pollution. We take caution to avoid tarnishing the unblemished blanket by walking on paved sidewalks or even stepping in the footsteps previously made by others. We prolong the inevitable because once we dirty the pure, white flakes our actions can’t be reversed. Just in the past year, I visited my cousins who in my mind are still considered babies since their average age is 12. I remember distinctly overhearing them slinging curse words at each other, thinking that is was of the norm to do so. My ears were bleeding from hearing these crude sayings from such angelic voices. These kids, supposedly blind to all the bad in the world, dropped the words â€Å"s***† and â€Å"b****† as often as people abused the word â€Å"like†. I asked one of the boys where they heard such words; his simple reply, â€Å"I saw it on YouTube.† What happened to the good ole days where people only watched shows with family values like Full House? Back then, the biggest controversy showed on TV would be a short kiss shared between two characters. Now show writers are constantly pushing the boundaries as to what they show, whether it’s crude language or half nude scenes. However, as more of these social norms become accepted, worry spreads that as a culture we sully the youth’s unstained snow. Parents need to monitor the children’s activities more carefully. For instance, putting parental locks on television shows and movies isn’t as difficult anymore. Almost all cable programs provide settings to block inappropriate content. Even protection locks are placed on Internet sites that only allow mature audiences access. Parents can research ahead of time what movie their kids will be going to see and decide whether or not it is suitable for them to view. During a viewing of the R-rated movie, The Heat, I glanced up into the back row only to be met with the sight of 14-year olds giggling at the profane language and violent scenes. Their parents sat next to them thoroughly enjoying the movie like it was an appropriate family activity for them all to bond over. I don’t know if these parents want to seem cool to their kids or not, but I find it wrong when it’s socially acceptable that a child can watch these movies without any further questioning. I am not saying that all children should be watching Barney or Dora the Explorer, but there need to be restraints placed on what is deemed as family friendly. I understand even with parental guidance, there are still loopholes as to where this content could have infiltrated. The music video by Miley Cyrus previously mentioned is not even restricted to those 18 and older, meaning anyone can access such inappropriate behavior. Recently, content ratings have been lowered as more people find certain curse words acceptable to say. Yes, cursing is a mean for people to truly express their feelings, but not everyone likes to use explicit language just to describe their anger. Personally, I find cursing cathartic. However, I know when to restrain myself from shouting out the colorful language in certain situations. The broadcasting networks could also apply a similar restraint concerning what younger viewers should be able to see, especially during daylight hours. Although late night shows are where these violent and mature contents are shown, some children can also view them if their own parents don’t monitor them more closely. Censorship does not narrow people’s views of the world, it merely restricts offensive content from the youth. Blocking these undesirables is just a small measure to prevent children from acting out and becoming lascivious characters at an early age. As they grow more mature and have a better judgment of what they find personally acceptable, these now adults will be able to decide if they can view these mature subjects. Even if we avoid soiling the virgin snow as much as possible, eventually, we are forced to step into the white ice with our muddy shoes to cross the road. Although it’s nice to stay indoors and watch the peaceful snowflakes, we must journey back into reality to advance in life. As their mentors, we can influence their minds more than we think we do, so it is our job to guide these clean slates towards more appropriate topics.

Commonly Confused Words Peace and Piece

Commonly Confused Words Peace and Piece The words peace and piece are homophones: they are pronounced the same but have different meanings. The noun peace means contentment or the absence of war. The noun piece refers to a portion or a part of a whole. As a verb,  piece is often followed by together and means to complete or join into a whole (as in piece together a quilt). Idiomatically, you may hold your peace (stay silent) or speak your piece (say what you have to say). See the examples and usage notes below. Examples When the power of love overcomes the love of power, the world will know peace.Jimi Hendrix Sitting at the table one day, I held the fork in my left hand and pierced a piece of chicken.Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969 You can sign any peace treaty you want, give back this piece of land and that piece of land, but peace is never going to happen until those things do. Its got to start with us learning each others names. With us feeling responsible for each others fates.Naomi Ragen, The Sacrifice of Tamar. Crown, 1994 Speak your piece; then hold your peace. Dont restate, restate, and restate. Dont summarize if you have only written a few pages.Mary Lynn Kelsch and Thomas Kelsch, Writing Effectively: A Practical Guide. Prentice-Hall, 1981 Usage Notes Piece has the word pie in it, which should remind you of the familiar phrase a piece of pie. You can meditate to find peace of mind, or you can get angry and give someone a piece of your mind.(Paul Brians, Common Errors in English Usage. William, James, 2003)Whereas peace of mind is calm assurance, a piece of ones mind is something a person says in a fit of pique. But the two are surprisingly often confounded.(Bryan Garner,Garners Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press, 2009) Practice (a) _____ is not merely a distant goal that we seek, but a means by which we arrive at that goal.(Martin Luther King, Jr.) (b) I never met a _____ of chocolate I didnt like. Answers (a) Peace  is not merely a distant goal that we seek, but a means by which we arrive at that goal.(Martin Luther King, Jr.) (b) I never met a  piece  of chocolate I didnt like.

D-Day

D-Day What Was D-Day? In the early morning hours of June 6, 1944, the Allies launched an attack by sea, landing on the beaches of Normandy on the northern coast of Nazi-occupied France.   The first day of this major undertaking was known as D-Day; it was the first day of the Battle of Normandy (code-named Operation Overlord) in World War II. On D-day, an armada of approximately 5,000 ships secretly crossed the English Channel and unloaded 156,000 Allied soldiers and nearly 30,000 vehicles in a single day on five, well-defended beaches (Omaha, Utah, Pluto, Gold, and Sword). By the end of the day, 2,500 Allied soldiers had been killed and another 6,500 wounded, but the Allies had succeeded, for they had broken through the German defenses and created a second front in World War II. Dates:   June 6, 1944 Planning a Second Front By 1944, World War II had already been raging for five years and most of Europe was under Nazi control. The Soviet Union was having some success on the Eastern Front but the other Allies, specifically the United States and the United Kingdom, had not yet made a full-fledged attack on the European mainland. It was time to create a second front. The questions of where and when to start this second front were difficult ones. The northern coast of Europe was an obvious choice, since the invasion force would be coming from Great Britain. A location that already had a port would be ideal in order to unload the millions of tons of supplies and soldiers needed. Also required was a location that would be within range of Allied fighter planes taking off from Great Britain. Unfortunately, the Nazis knew all this as well. To add an element of surprise and to avoid the bloodbath of trying to take a well-defended port, the Allied High Command decided on a location that met the other criteria but that did not have a port the beaches of Normandy in northern France. Once a location had been chosen, deciding upon a date was next. There needed to be enough time to collect the supplies and equipment, gather the planes and vehicles, and train the soldiers. This whole process would take a year. The specific date also depended on the timing of low tide and a full moon. All of this led to a specific day – June 5, 1944. Rather than continually refer to the actual date, the military used the term â€Å"D-Day† for the day of attack. What the Nazis Expected The Nazis knew the Allies were planning an invasion. In preparation, they had fortified all northern ports, especially the one at Pas de Calais, which was the shortest distance from southern Britain. But that was not all. As early as 1942, Nazi Fà ¼hrer Adolf Hitler ordered the creation of an Atlantic Wall to protect the northern coast of Europe from an Allied invasion. This was not literally a wall; instead, it was a collection of defenses, such as barbed wire and minefields, that stretched across 3,000 miles of coastline. In December 1943, when highly-regarded Field Marshal Erwin Rommel (known as the â€Å"Desert Fox†) was put in charge of these defenses, he found them completely inadequate. Rommel immediately ordered the creation of additional â€Å"pillboxes† (concrete bunkers fitted with machine guns and artillery), millions of additional mines, and a half million metal obstacles and stakes placed on the beaches that could rip open the bottom of landing craft. To hinder paratroopers and gliders, Rommel ordered many of the fields behind the beaches to be flooded and covered with protruding wooden poles (known as â€Å"Rommel’s asparagus†). Many of these had mines fitted on top. Rommel knew that these defenses would not be enough to stop an invading army, but he hoped it would slow them down long enough for him to bring reinforcements. He needed to stop the Allied invasion on the beach, before they gained a foothold. Secrecy The Allies desperately worried about German reinforcements. An amphibious attack against an entrenched enemy would already be incredibly difficult; however, if the Germans ever found out where and when the invasion was to take place and thus reinforced the area, well, the attack might end disastrously. That was the exact reason for the need of absolute secrecy. To help keep this secret, the Allies launched Operation Fortitude, an intricate plan to deceive the Germans. This plan included false radio signals, double agents, and fake armies that included life-size balloon tanks. A macabre plan to drop a dead body with false top-secret papers off the coast of Spain was also used. Anything and everything was used to deceive the Germans, to make them think that the Allied invasion was to occur somewhere else and not Normandy. A Delay All was set for D-Day being on June 5, even the equipment and soldiers had already been loaded onto the ships. Then, the weather changed. A massive storm hit, with 45-mile-an-hour wind gusts and lots of rain. After much contemplation, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces, U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, postponed D-Day just one day. Any longer of a postponement and the low tides and full moon wouldn’t be right and they’d have to wait another whole month. Also, it was uncertain they could keep the invasion secret for that much longer. The invasion would begin on June 6, 1944. Rommel also paid notice to the massive storm and believed that the Allies would never invade in such inclement weather. Thus, he made the fateful decision to go out of town on June 5 to celebrate his wife’s 50th birthday. By the time he was informed of the invasion, it was too late. In Darkness: Paratroopers Begin D-Day Although D-Day is famous for being an amphibious operation, it actually started with thousands of brave paratroopers. Under the cover of darkness, the first wave of 180 paratroopers arrived in Normandy. They rode in six gliders that had been pulled and then released by British bombers.   Upon landing, the paratroopers grabbed their equipment, left their gliders, and worked as a team to take control of two, very important bridges: the one over the Orne River and the other over the Caen Canal. Control of these would both hinder German reinforcements along these paths as well as enable the Allies access to inland France once they were off the beaches. The second wave of 13,000 paratroopers had a very difficult arrival in Normandy. Flying in approximately 900 C-47 airplanes, the Nazis spotted the planes and started shooting. The planes drifted apart; thus, when the paratroopers jumped, they were scattered far and wide.    Many of these paratroopers were killed before they even hit the ground; others got caught in trees and were shot by German snipers. Still others drowned in Rommel’s flooded plains, weighed down by their heavy packs and tangled in weeds. Only 3,000 were able to join together; however, they did manage to capture the village of St. Mà ©re Eglise, an essential target. The scattering of the paratroopers had a benefit for the Allies – it confused the Germans. The Germans did not yet realize that a massive invasion was about to get underway. Loading the Landing Craft While the paratroopers were fighting their own battles, the Allied armada was making its way to Normandy. Approximately 5,000 ships including minesweepers, battleships, cruisers, destroyers, and others – arrived in the waters off France around 2 a.m. on June 6, 1944. Most of the soldiers on board these ships were seasick. Not only had they been on board, in extremely cramped quarters, for days, crossing the Channel had been stomach turning because of extremely choppy waters from the storm. The battle began with a bombardment, both from the armada’s artillery as well as 2,000 Allied aircraft that soared overhead and bombed the beach defenses. The bombardment turned out to be not as successful as had been hoped and a lot of German defenses remained intact. While this bombardment was under way, the soldiers were tasked with climbing into landing craft, 30 men per boat. This, in itself, was a difficult task as the men climbed down slippery rope ladders and had to drop into landing craft that were bobbing up and down in five-foot waves. A number of soldiers dropped into the water, unable to surface because they were weighted down by 88 pounds of gear. As each landing craft filled up, they rendezvoused with other landing craft in a designated zone just outside of German artillery range. In this zone, nicknamed â€Å"Piccadilly Circus,† the landing craft stayed in a circular holding pattern until it was time to attack. At 6:30 a.m., the naval gunfire stopped and the landing boats headed toward shore. The Five Beaches The Allied landing boats were headed to five beaches spread out over 50 miles of coastline.   These beaches had been code-named, from west to east, as Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword. The Americans were to attack at Utah and Omaha, while the British struck at Gold and Sword. The Canadians headed toward Juno. In some ways, soldiers reaching these beaches had similar experiences. Their landing vehicles would get close to the beach and, if they were not ripped open by obstacles or blown up by mines, then the transport door would open and the soldiers would disembark, waist-deep in the water. Immediately, they faced machine-gun fire from the German pillboxes. Without cover, many in the first transports were simply mowed down. The beaches quickly became bloody and strewn with body parts. Debris from blown up transport ships floated in the water.   Injured soldiers that fell in the water usually did not survive – their heavy packs weighed them down and they drowned. Eventually, after wave after wave of transports dropped off soldiers and then even some armored vehicles, the Allies started making headway on the beaches. Some of these helpful vehicles included tanks, such as the newly designed Duplex Drive tank (DDs). DDs, sometimes called â€Å"swimming tanks,† were basically Sherman tanks that had been fitted with a flotation skirt that allowed them to float. Flails, a tank equipped with metal chains in front, was another helpful vehicle, offering a new way to clear mines ahead of the soldiers. Crocodiles, were tanks equipped with a large flame thrower. These specialized, armored vehicles greatly helped the soldiers on Gold and Sword beaches. By early afternoon, the soldiers on Gold, Sword, and Utah had succeeded in capturing their beaches and had even met up with some of the paratroopers on the other side. The attacks on Juno and Omaha, however, were not going as well. Problems at Juno and Omaha Beaches At Juno, the Canadian soldiers had a bloody landing. Their landing boats had been forced off course by currents and thus had arrived at Juno Beach a half hour late. This meant that the tide had risen and many of the mines and obstacles were thus hidden under water.   An estimated half of the landing boats were damaged, with almost a third completely destroyed. The Canadian troops eventually took control of the beach, but at a cost of more than 1,000 men. It was even worse at Omaha. Unlike the other beaches, at Omaha, American soldiers faced an enemy that was safely housed in pillboxes located on top of bluffs that soared 100 feet above them. The early-morning bombardment that was supposed to take out some of these pillboxes missed this area; thus, the German defenses were nearly intact. The were was one particular bluff, called Pointe du Hoc, that stuck out into the ocean  between Utah and Omaha Beaches, giving German artillery at the top the ability to shoot at both beaches. This was such an essential target that the Allies sent in a special Ranger unit, led by Lt. Col. James Rudder,  to take out the artillery on top. Although arriving a half hour late because of drifting from a strong tide, the Rangers were able to use grappling hooks to scale the sheer cliff. At the top, they  discovered that the guns had been temporarily replaced by telephone poles to fool the Allies and to keep the guns safe from the bombardment. Splitting up and searching the countryside behind the cliff, the Rangers  found the guns. With a group of German soldiers not far away, Rangers snuck in and detonated thermite grenades in the guns, destroying them.   In addition to the bluffs, the crescent-shape of the beach made Omaha the most defensible of all the beaches. With these advantages, the Germans were able to mow down transports as soon as they arrived; the soldiers had little opportunity to run the 200 yards to the seawall for cover. The bloodbath earned this beach the nickname â€Å"Bloody Omaha.† The soldiers on Omaha were also essentially without armored help. Those in command had only requested DDs to accompany their soldiers, but nearly all of the swimming tanks headed toward Omaha drowned in the choppy waters. Eventually, with the help of naval artillery, small groups of men were able to make it across the beach and take out the German defenses, but it would cost 4,000 casualties to do so. The Break Out Despite a number of things not going to plan, D-Day was a success. The Allies had been able to keep the invasion a surprise and, with Rommel out of town and Hitler believing the landings at Normandy were a ruse for a real landing at Calais, the Germans never reinforced their position. After initial heavy fighting along the beaches, the Allied troops were able to secure their landings and break through German defenses to enter the interior of France. By June 7, the day after D-Day, the Allies were beginning the placement of two Mulberries, artificial harbors whose components had been pulled by tugboat across the Channel. These harbors would allow millions of tons of supplies to reach the invading Allied troops. The success of D-Day was the beginning of the end for Nazi Germany. Eleven months after D-Day, the war in Europe would be over.

D-Day

D-Day What Was D-Day? In the early morning hours of June 6, 1944, the Allies launched an attack by sea, landing on the beaches of Normandy on the northern coast of Nazi-occupied France.   The first day of this major undertaking was known as D-Day; it was the first day of the Battle of Normandy (code-named Operation Overlord) in World War II. On D-day, an armada of approximately 5,000 ships secretly crossed the English Channel and unloaded 156,000 Allied soldiers and nearly 30,000 vehicles in a single day on five, well-defended beaches (Omaha, Utah, Pluto, Gold, and Sword). By the end of the day, 2,500 Allied soldiers had been killed and another 6,500 wounded, but the Allies had succeeded, for they had broken through the German defenses and created a second front in World War II. Dates:   June 6, 1944 Planning a Second Front By 1944, World War II had already been raging for five years and most of Europe was under Nazi control. The Soviet Union was having some success on the Eastern Front but the other Allies, specifically the United States and the United Kingdom, had not yet made a full-fledged attack on the European mainland. It was time to create a second front. The questions of where and when to start this second front were difficult ones. The northern coast of Europe was an obvious choice, since the invasion force would be coming from Great Britain. A location that already had a port would be ideal in order to unload the millions of tons of supplies and soldiers needed. Also required was a location that would be within range of Allied fighter planes taking off from Great Britain. Unfortunately, the Nazis knew all this as well. To add an element of surprise and to avoid the bloodbath of trying to take a well-defended port, the Allied High Command decided on a location that met the other criteria but that did not have a port the beaches of Normandy in northern France. Once a location had been chosen, deciding upon a date was next. There needed to be enough time to collect the supplies and equipment, gather the planes and vehicles, and train the soldiers. This whole process would take a year. The specific date also depended on the timing of low tide and a full moon. All of this led to a specific day – June 5, 1944. Rather than continually refer to the actual date, the military used the term â€Å"D-Day† for the day of attack. What the Nazis Expected The Nazis knew the Allies were planning an invasion. In preparation, they had fortified all northern ports, especially the one at Pas de Calais, which was the shortest distance from southern Britain. But that was not all. As early as 1942, Nazi Fà ¼hrer Adolf Hitler ordered the creation of an Atlantic Wall to protect the northern coast of Europe from an Allied invasion. This was not literally a wall; instead, it was a collection of defenses, such as barbed wire and minefields, that stretched across 3,000 miles of coastline. In December 1943, when highly-regarded Field Marshal Erwin Rommel (known as the â€Å"Desert Fox†) was put in charge of these defenses, he found them completely inadequate. Rommel immediately ordered the creation of additional â€Å"pillboxes† (concrete bunkers fitted with machine guns and artillery), millions of additional mines, and a half million metal obstacles and stakes placed on the beaches that could rip open the bottom of landing craft. To hinder paratroopers and gliders, Rommel ordered many of the fields behind the beaches to be flooded and covered with protruding wooden poles (known as â€Å"Rommel’s asparagus†). Many of these had mines fitted on top. Rommel knew that these defenses would not be enough to stop an invading army, but he hoped it would slow them down long enough for him to bring reinforcements. He needed to stop the Allied invasion on the beach, before they gained a foothold. Secrecy The Allies desperately worried about German reinforcements. An amphibious attack against an entrenched enemy would already be incredibly difficult; however, if the Germans ever found out where and when the invasion was to take place and thus reinforced the area, well, the attack might end disastrously. That was the exact reason for the need of absolute secrecy. To help keep this secret, the Allies launched Operation Fortitude, an intricate plan to deceive the Germans. This plan included false radio signals, double agents, and fake armies that included life-size balloon tanks. A macabre plan to drop a dead body with false top-secret papers off the coast of Spain was also used. Anything and everything was used to deceive the Germans, to make them think that the Allied invasion was to occur somewhere else and not Normandy. A Delay All was set for D-Day being on June 5, even the equipment and soldiers had already been loaded onto the ships. Then, the weather changed. A massive storm hit, with 45-mile-an-hour wind gusts and lots of rain. After much contemplation, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces, U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, postponed D-Day just one day. Any longer of a postponement and the low tides and full moon wouldn’t be right and they’d have to wait another whole month. Also, it was uncertain they could keep the invasion secret for that much longer. The invasion would begin on June 6, 1944. Rommel also paid notice to the massive storm and believed that the Allies would never invade in such inclement weather. Thus, he made the fateful decision to go out of town on June 5 to celebrate his wife’s 50th birthday. By the time he was informed of the invasion, it was too late. In Darkness: Paratroopers Begin D-Day Although D-Day is famous for being an amphibious operation, it actually started with thousands of brave paratroopers. Under the cover of darkness, the first wave of 180 paratroopers arrived in Normandy. They rode in six gliders that had been pulled and then released by British bombers.   Upon landing, the paratroopers grabbed their equipment, left their gliders, and worked as a team to take control of two, very important bridges: the one over the Orne River and the other over the Caen Canal. Control of these would both hinder German reinforcements along these paths as well as enable the Allies access to inland France once they were off the beaches. The second wave of 13,000 paratroopers had a very difficult arrival in Normandy. Flying in approximately 900 C-47 airplanes, the Nazis spotted the planes and started shooting. The planes drifted apart; thus, when the paratroopers jumped, they were scattered far and wide.    Many of these paratroopers were killed before they even hit the ground; others got caught in trees and were shot by German snipers. Still others drowned in Rommel’s flooded plains, weighed down by their heavy packs and tangled in weeds. Only 3,000 were able to join together; however, they did manage to capture the village of St. Mà ©re Eglise, an essential target. The scattering of the paratroopers had a benefit for the Allies – it confused the Germans. The Germans did not yet realize that a massive invasion was about to get underway. Loading the Landing Craft While the paratroopers were fighting their own battles, the Allied armada was making its way to Normandy. Approximately 5,000 ships including minesweepers, battleships, cruisers, destroyers, and others – arrived in the waters off France around 2 a.m. on June 6, 1944. Most of the soldiers on board these ships were seasick. Not only had they been on board, in extremely cramped quarters, for days, crossing the Channel had been stomach turning because of extremely choppy waters from the storm. The battle began with a bombardment, both from the armada’s artillery as well as 2,000 Allied aircraft that soared overhead and bombed the beach defenses. The bombardment turned out to be not as successful as had been hoped and a lot of German defenses remained intact. While this bombardment was under way, the soldiers were tasked with climbing into landing craft, 30 men per boat. This, in itself, was a difficult task as the men climbed down slippery rope ladders and had to drop into landing craft that were bobbing up and down in five-foot waves. A number of soldiers dropped into the water, unable to surface because they were weighted down by 88 pounds of gear. As each landing craft filled up, they rendezvoused with other landing craft in a designated zone just outside of German artillery range. In this zone, nicknamed â€Å"Piccadilly Circus,† the landing craft stayed in a circular holding pattern until it was time to attack. At 6:30 a.m., the naval gunfire stopped and the landing boats headed toward shore. The Five Beaches The Allied landing boats were headed to five beaches spread out over 50 miles of coastline.   These beaches had been code-named, from west to east, as Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword. The Americans were to attack at Utah and Omaha, while the British struck at Gold and Sword. The Canadians headed toward Juno. In some ways, soldiers reaching these beaches had similar experiences. Their landing vehicles would get close to the beach and, if they were not ripped open by obstacles or blown up by mines, then the transport door would open and the soldiers would disembark, waist-deep in the water. Immediately, they faced machine-gun fire from the German pillboxes. Without cover, many in the first transports were simply mowed down. The beaches quickly became bloody and strewn with body parts. Debris from blown up transport ships floated in the water.   Injured soldiers that fell in the water usually did not survive – their heavy packs weighed them down and they drowned. Eventually, after wave after wave of transports dropped off soldiers and then even some armored vehicles, the Allies started making headway on the beaches. Some of these helpful vehicles included tanks, such as the newly designed Duplex Drive tank (DDs). DDs, sometimes called â€Å"swimming tanks,† were basically Sherman tanks that had been fitted with a flotation skirt that allowed them to float. Flails, a tank equipped with metal chains in front, was another helpful vehicle, offering a new way to clear mines ahead of the soldiers. Crocodiles, were tanks equipped with a large flame thrower. These specialized, armored vehicles greatly helped the soldiers on Gold and Sword beaches. By early afternoon, the soldiers on Gold, Sword, and Utah had succeeded in capturing their beaches and had even met up with some of the paratroopers on the other side. The attacks on Juno and Omaha, however, were not going as well. Problems at Juno and Omaha Beaches At Juno, the Canadian soldiers had a bloody landing. Their landing boats had been forced off course by currents and thus had arrived at Juno Beach a half hour late. This meant that the tide had risen and many of the mines and obstacles were thus hidden under water.   An estimated half of the landing boats were damaged, with almost a third completely destroyed. The Canadian troops eventually took control of the beach, but at a cost of more than 1,000 men. It was even worse at Omaha. Unlike the other beaches, at Omaha, American soldiers faced an enemy that was safely housed in pillboxes located on top of bluffs that soared 100 feet above them. The early-morning bombardment that was supposed to take out some of these pillboxes missed this area; thus, the German defenses were nearly intact. The were was one particular bluff, called Pointe du Hoc, that stuck out into the ocean  between Utah and Omaha Beaches, giving German artillery at the top the ability to shoot at both beaches. This was such an essential target that the Allies sent in a special Ranger unit, led by Lt. Col. James Rudder,  to take out the artillery on top. Although arriving a half hour late because of drifting from a strong tide, the Rangers were able to use grappling hooks to scale the sheer cliff. At the top, they  discovered that the guns had been temporarily replaced by telephone poles to fool the Allies and to keep the guns safe from the bombardment. Splitting up and searching the countryside behind the cliff, the Rangers  found the guns. With a group of German soldiers not far away, Rangers snuck in and detonated thermite grenades in the guns, destroying them.   In addition to the bluffs, the crescent-shape of the beach made Omaha the most defensible of all the beaches. With these advantages, the Germans were able to mow down transports as soon as they arrived; the soldiers had little opportunity to run the 200 yards to the seawall for cover. The bloodbath earned this beach the nickname â€Å"Bloody Omaha.† The soldiers on Omaha were also essentially without armored help. Those in command had only requested DDs to accompany their soldiers, but nearly all of the swimming tanks headed toward Omaha drowned in the choppy waters. Eventually, with the help of naval artillery, small groups of men were able to make it across the beach and take out the German defenses, but it would cost 4,000 casualties to do so. The Break Out Despite a number of things not going to plan, D-Day was a success. The Allies had been able to keep the invasion a surprise and, with Rommel out of town and Hitler believing the landings at Normandy were a ruse for a real landing at Calais, the Germans never reinforced their position. After initial heavy fighting along the beaches, the Allied troops were able to secure their landings and break through German defenses to enter the interior of France. By June 7, the day after D-Day, the Allies were beginning the placement of two Mulberries, artificial harbors whose components had been pulled by tugboat across the Channel. These harbors would allow millions of tons of supplies to reach the invading Allied troops. The success of D-Day was the beginning of the end for Nazi Germany. Eleven months after D-Day, the war in Europe would be over.